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South Sudan: Ebola Virus Disease (EVD) Preparedness Update 23 (3 - 9 June 2019)

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Source: International Organization for Migration
Country: Democratic Republic of the Congo, South Sudan, Uganda

WEEKLY OVERVIEW

HEALTH

● Active screening ongoing in 14 active IOMsupported PoE sites, namely: Yei airstrip, Yei SSRRC, Tokori, Lasu, Kaya, Bazi, Salia Musala, Okaba, Khor Kaya (along Busia Uganda Border) in Morobo County, Pure, Kerwa, Khorijo, Birigo in Lainya County and Bori.

WASH

● IOM WASH repaired one hand pump at Kerwa PHCC in Kajo-Keji County to support WASH IPC activities. This PHCC is located near to the Kerwa PoE, where suspected EVD patients are referred to.

● IOM relocated one stance of pit latrine lying at the upstream of newly drilled borehole in Salia Musala PoE to avoid underground contamination.
The borehole was drilled by another agency.


Democratic Republic of the Congo: RDC - Territoire de Kabalo, Province du Tanganyika - Carte générale de planification logistique, 13 juin 2019

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Source: World Food Programme, Logistics Cluster
Country: Democratic Republic of the Congo

Democratic Republic of the Congo: RDC - Territoire de Nyunzu, Province du Tanganyika - Carte générale de planification logistique, 13 juin 2019

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Source: World Food Programme, Logistics Cluster
Country: Democratic Republic of the Congo

Libya: Libya: Registration Fact Sheet (May 2019)

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Source: UN High Commissioner for Refugees
Country: Chad, Democratic Republic of the Congo, Eritrea, Ethiopia, Iraq, Liberia, Libya, occupied Palestinian territory, Somalia, South Sudan, Sudan, Syrian Arab Republic, World, Yemen

Democratic Republic of the Congo: DRC/Uganda - Ebola Virus Disease outbreak – Situation Overview - Emergency Response Coordination Centre (ERCC) | DG ECHO Daily Map – 14/06/2019

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Source: European Commission's Directorate-General for European Civil Protection and Humanitarian Aid Operations
Country: Democratic Republic of the Congo, Uganda

Congo: Republic of the Congo: Food Assistance Fact Sheet - June 10, 2019

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Source: US Agency for International Development
Country: Central African Republic, Congo, Democratic Republic of the Congo, United States of America

High levels of poverty and malnutrition persist in the Republic of the Congo (ROC), despite recent economic growth. Low domestic food production covers approximately 30 percent of the country’s food needs.

SITUATION

• Conflicts in neighboring Central African Republic (CAR) and the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC) have led to an influx of people into remote areas of north and east ROC, where host communities already face food shortages and limited livelihood opportunities.

• Intercommunal conflict in western DRC in December 2018 prompted more than 11,000 people to seek shelter across the river in ROC’s Plateaux Department, leaving behind most of their assets. In northeast ROC’s Likouala Department, an estimated 15,000 refugees from CAR are sheltering in refugee camps and host communities, as of November 2018. According to the UN World Food Program (WFP), refugees remain dependent on humanitarian assistance due to limited livelihood opportunities, lack of prospects for return and limited means to purchase food.

• The disarmament, demobilization and reintegration process in southern ROC’s Pool Department began in August 2018, after the cessation of the conflict that displaced approximately 90,000. Vulnerable populations continue to recover in the region, where hunger and malnutrition remain a concern. According to WFP, 10 percent of displaced children and 12 percent of host community children suffer from acute malnutrition in Pool’s Kindamba District. The UN Children’s Fund (UNICEF) estimates that 74,000 children across the country will suffer from severe acute malnutrition (SAM) in 2019.

RESPONSE

• With support from USAID’s Office of Food for Peace (FFP), WFP is providing cash transfers for food and in-kind food assistance to vulnerable displaced, refugee, returnee, and host community members. Additionally, WFP provides specialized nutritious foods for the treatment of moderate acute malnutrition in children younger than 5 years of age and pregnant and lactating women.

• In Pool and Likouala, WFP is conducting cash- or food-for-asset activities to assist vulnerable households in conflict-affected districts; through these activities, WFP provides either cash transfers or in-kind food assistance in exchange for a household member helping to construct or rehabilitate community assets, such as roads and irrigation systems.

• FFP partners with UNICEF to provide specialized nutrition products to treat SAM in children younger than 5 years of age through community management of acute malnutrition.

South Sudan: South Sudan: Humanitarian Snapshot (May 2019)

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Source: UN Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs
Country: Central African Republic, Democratic Republic of the Congo, Ethiopia, Kenya, South Sudan, Sudan, Uganda

In May, renewed fighting and inter-communal violence in Kuajena, Roc-Rocdong and Wau in Western Bahr el Ghazal; Abiemnhom, Leer, Mayom, Panyijiar and Rubkona in Unity; and Akobo and Pibor in Jonglei displaced thousands of civilians. While the overall number of internally displaced people was similar to April, the number of people in the Protection of Civilians sites fell by about 15,000 to around 178,000. Eastern Equatoria, Northern Bahr el Ghazal, Unity and Western Equatoria saw decreases in the number of IDPs relative to the previous month, while Central Equatoria, Lakes and Warrap saw increases.1 Road access started to reduce with the onset of the rainy season, including most of the routes from Bor to northern parts of Jonglei and Pibor to the east. This was expected to constrain people’s access to markets as well as humanitarian activities. Nearly 7 million people – up from 6.5 million last month – were estimated to face severe food insecurity, even in the presence of humanitarian food assistance.

This included an estimated 21,000 people in catastrophic conditions. The number of people in need rose to 7.2 million, following revised needs analysis.

Democratic Republic of the Congo: Statement on the meeting of the International Health Regulations (2005) Emergency Committee for Ebola virus disease in the Democratic Republic of the Congo, 14 June 2019

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Source: World Health Organization
Country: Burundi, Democratic Republic of the Congo, Rwanda, South Sudan, Uganda

The meeting of the Emergency Committee convened by the WHO Director-General under the International Health Regulations (IHR) (2005) regarding Ebola virus disease in the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC) took place on Friday, 14 June 2019, from 12:00 to 17:00 Geneva time (CEST).

Context and Discussion

The Committee expressed its deep concern about the ongoing outbreak, which, despite some positive epidemiological trends, especially in the epicentres of Butembo and Katwa, shows that the extension and/or reinfection of disease in other areas like Mabalako, presents, once again, challenges around community acceptance and security. In addition, the response continues to be hampered by a lack of adequate funding and strained human resources.

The cluster of cases in Uganda is not unexpected; the rapid response and initial containment is a testament to the importance of preparedness in neighbouring countries. The Committee commends the communication and collaboration between DRC and Uganda.

At the same time, the exportation of cases into Uganda is a reminder that, as long as this outbreak continues in DRC, there is a risk of spread to neighbouring countries, although the risk of spread to countries outside the region remains low.

The Committee wishes to commend the heroic work of all responders, who continue to work under extremely challenging and stressful conditions.

The Committee extensively debated the impact of a PHEIC declaration on the response, possible unintended consequences, and how these might be managed. Differing views were expressed, as the Committee acknowledged that recent cases in Uganda constitute international spread of disease.

Conclusions and Advice

It was the view of the Committee that the outbreak is a health emergency in DRC and the region but does not meet all the three criteria for a PHEIC under the IHR. While the outbreak is an extraordinary event, with risk of international spread, the ongoing response would not be enhanced by formal Temporary Recommendations under the IHR (2005).

The Committee provided the following public health advice, which it strongly urges countries and responding partners to heed:

At-risk countries should improve their preparedness for detecting and managing exported cases, as Uganda has done.

Cross-border screening in DRC should continue and its quality improved and sustained.

Continue to map population movements and sociological patterns that can predict risk of disease spread.

All priority countries should put in place approvals for investigational medicines and vaccines as an immediate priority for preparedness.

Optimal vaccine strategies that have maximum impact on curtailing the outbreak, as recommended by WHO’s Strategic Advisory Group of Experts (SAGE), should be implemented rapidly.

The Committee is deeply disappointed that WHO and the affected countries have not received the funding and resources needed for this outbreak. The international community must step up funding and support strengthening of preparedness and response in DRC and neighbouring countries. Continue to strengthen community awareness, engagement, and participation. There has been a great deal of progress in community engagement activities. However, in border communities, where mobility is especially likely, community engagement needs to be more sharply targeted to identify the populations most at risk.

The implementation by the UN and partners of more coordinated measures to reduce security threats, mitigate security risks, and create an enabling environment for public health operations is welcomed and encouraged by the Committee as an essential platform for accelerating disease-control efforts.

The Committee strongly emphasizes its previous advice against the application of any international travel or trade restrictions.

The Committee does not consider entry screening at airports or other ports of entry to be necessary.

The Committee advised the WHO Director-General to continue to monitor the situation closely and reconvene the Emergency Committee as needed.

Proceedings of the meeting

Members and advisors of the Emergency Committee were convened by teleconference.

Because the Chair, Dr Robert Steffen, was unable to attend the meeting in person, Dr Preben Aavitsland chaired the proceedings.

The Director-General welcomed the Committee by phone from the Democratic Republic of the Congo.

Representatives of WHO’s legal department and the department of compliance, risk management, and ethics briefed the Committee members on their roles and responsibilities, as well as the requirements of the IHR and the criteria that define a PHEIC: an extraordinary event that poses a public health risk to other countries through international spread and that requires a coordinated international response. The Committee’s role is to give advice to the Director-General, who makes the final decision on the determination of a PHEIC. The Committee also provides advice or temporary recommendations as appropriate.

Committee members were reminded of their duty of confidentiality and their responsibility to disclose personal, financial, or professional connections that might be seen to constitute a conflict of interest. Each member was surveyed and no conflicts of interest were identified.

The Chair then reviewed the agenda for the meeting and introduced the presenters. Presentations were made by representatives of the Ministry of Health of the Democratic Republic of the Congo and of the National Communicable Disease Control Commission of Uganda.

The situation in the Democratic Republic of the Congo was reviewed, including the current epidemiological situation and response strategies, including changes instituted to improve community engagement. Sustained, serious security incidents, which have resulted in injuries and deaths among responses have seriously impeded the response. There have been four waves of the outbreak since August 2018, but during the last month there has been a reduction in numbers of cases. Active case-finding for missing contacts is ongoing. Factors contributing to the ongoing outbreak include population movement, health-seeking behavior directed to traditional healers, poor infection prevention and control measures in health facilities, security challenges, and lack of involvement by political leaders.

Representatives of the National Communicable Disease Control Commission in Uganda reviewed recent cases, contacts, and contact tracing. They updated the Committee on their response actions, including notification to WHO and political involvement, and preparedness activities that have been taking place since August 2018. A national coordination task force has been activated and a rapid response team deployed. Clinical management is available in an Ebola Treatment Unit in Bwera. Screening is taking place at official points of entry. Ring vaccination will begin on 15 June.

A representative of the WHO Regional Office for Africa presented the status of regional preparedness activities, particularly in Burundi, Rwanda, South Sudan, and Uganda. Ongoing challenges were noted, especially at district/subnational levels, as well as inadequate crossborder collaboration and a lack of funding to sustain preparedness activities.

A representative of the International Organization for Migration updated the Committee on prevention, detection, and control measures at points of entry, for cross-border preparedness.

The UN Ebola Emergency Response Coordinator gave an update on the security situation and efforts to create a dynamic, nimble enabling environment to support outbreak response. There have been frequent disruptions to the response, which has had implications for increased numbers of cases. UN-wide support is needed to strengthen the public health response and coordinate international assistance. Access and community acceptance are increasing, with decreases in cases in some areas. Increases in attacks in some areas are being addressed.

The WHO Secretariat gave an update on the current situation and provided details on the response to the current Ebola outbreak and preparedness activities in neighbouring countries. The risk assessment for DRC remains very high at national and regional levels but low at global level. Risk in Uganda remains moderate at the national level and low and regional and global levels. However, the high risks of the Uganda event have been mitigated by rapid communication and coordination among authorities across jurisdictions; detection at points of entry and subsequent response activities; and operational preparedness and readiness in Uganda. A high level of cooperation and transparency between DRC and Uganda was noted with appreciation. There has been an overall decline in case incidence in the last 5 weeks, but substantial rates of transmission continue, especially in a few hotspots. IPC measures, safe burials, and population mobility were reviewed, along with details of contact tracing. Operational scale-up was reviewed and a serious need for funding, both for the response and for preparedness, was underscored. Less than one-third of the resources needed are available; presently there is a funding shortfall of USD $54 million against $98 million needed for the response through July 2019.

Based on the above advice, the reports made by the affected States Parties, and the currently available information, the Director-General accepted the Committee’s assessment that the Ebola outbreak in the Democratic Republic of the Congo does not constitute a Public Health Emergency of International Concern. In light of the advice of the Emergency Committee, WHO advises against the application of any travel or trade restrictions. The Director-General thanked the Committee Members and Advisors for their advice.


Democratic Republic of the Congo: Maladie à virus Ebola – République démocratique du Congo Bulletin d’information sur les flambées épidémiques, 13 juin 2019

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Source: World Health Organization
Country: Democratic Republic of the Congo, Uganda

Dans le contexte de la flambée de maladie à virus Ebola (MVE) qui touche la République démocratique du Congo (RDC), le nombre de nouveaux cas continue à baisser dans les points chauds, comme les zones de santé de Katwa, Beni et Kalunguta. Cependant, dans d’autres zones, comme celles de Mabalako et Butembo, on constate encore des taux modérés de transmission. Compte tenu de la poursuite de la transmission de la MVE dans les communautés de 12 zones de santé des provinces du Nord-Kivu et de l’Ituri, des facteurs tels que les retards persistants dans la détection des cas, le fait qu’un tiers des cas environ décèdent en dehors des centres de traitement Ebola ou des centres de transit et la grande mobilité de la population entraînent un fort risque de propagation en RDC et dans les pays limitrophes. La récente exportation de cas en Ouganda – il s’agit des premiers cas confirmés détectés en dehors des provinces du Nord-Kivu et de l’Ituri depuis le début de la flambée il y a plus de 10 mois – l’a bien montré. Voir le bulletin d’information sur la MVE en Ouganda pour plus d’informations.

Maladie à virus Ebola – Ouganda

Une baisse hebdomadaire de l’incidence a été signalée dans certaines zones de santé mais on a observé une intensification ou une poursuite de la flambée dans d’autres zones de santé (Figure 1). Dans les 21 jours allant du 22 mai au 11 juin 2019, 62 aires de santé relevant de 12 zones de santé, soit 9 % des 664 aires de santé que comptent les provinces du Nord Kivu et de l’Ituri (Figure 2), ont signalé de nouveaux cas. Au cours de cette période, 212 cas confirmés au total ont été signalés, dont la majorité provenaient des zones de santé de Mabalako (33 %, n=69), Butembo (18 %, n=39), Katwa (14 %, n=30), Mandima (11 %, n=23) et Beni (9 %, n=20). Deux cas confirmés ont aussi été notifiés au cours de la semaine écoulée, l’un dans la zone de santé de Rwampara et l’autre dans celle de Komanda, longtemps après la notification du dernier cas. Les deux cas ont contracté l’infection dans les points chauds susmentionnés.

Au 11 juin 2019, 2084 cas de MVE au total, dont 1990 confirmés et 94 probables, avaient été notifiés. Au total, 1405 décès, dont 1311 parmi les cas confirmés, ont été signalés (taux de létalité global : 67 %). Parmi les 2084 cas confirmés ou probables pour lesquels on connaissait l’âge et le sexe, 57 % (1194) étaient des femmes et 29 % (605) des enfants de moins de 18 ans. Le nombre de cas parmi les agents de santé continue à augmenter et il s’établit désormais à 118 (6 % du nombre total de cas).

Compte tenu de ces récents événements, le Directeur général de l’OMS convoquera le Comité d’urgence au titre du Règlement sanitaire international (RSI) le 14 juin 2019. Ce groupe indépendant d’experts de la santé publique donnera au Directeur général son avis sur la question de savoir si cet événement constitue une urgence de santé publique de portée internationale. Si telle est la conclusion du Comité, le Directeur général publiera des recommandations temporaires, qui consistent généralement en des mesures sanitaires visant à prévenir la propagation internationale du virus Ebola et à éviter toute interférence inutile avec le trafic international. Une déclaration rendant compte des débats et des conclusions du Comité sera postée sur le site Web de l’OMS immédiatement après la réunion.

Action de santé publique

Pour des informations plus détaillées sur les actions de santé publique menées par le Ministère de la santé, l’OMS et les partenaires, veuillez consulter les derniers rapports de situation publiés par le Bureau régional OMS de l’Afrique :

Évaluation du risque par l’OMS

L’OMS suit en permanence l’évolution de la situation épidémiologique et du contexte de l’épidémie pour s’assurer que l’appui à la riposte est adapté à l’évolution des circonstances. D’après la dernière évaluation, les niveaux de risque à l’échelle régionale et nationale restent très élevés, tandis que le niveau de risque à l’échelle mondiale reste faible. Une augmentation hebdomadaire du nombre de nouveaux cas a été observée de février à la mi-mai 2019 ; depuis lors, les taux sont en baisse, mais restent importants. La dégradation générale de la situation sécuritaire et la persistance de poches de méfiance au sein des communautés, exacerbées par les tensions politiques et l’insécurité, en particulier au cours des quatre dernières semaines, ont entraîné des suspensions temporaires récurrentes et des retards dans les enquêtes sur les cas et les activités de riposte dans les zones touchées, ce qui a nui à l’efficacité globale des interventions. Toutefois, le dialogue communautaire récemment instauré, les initiatives de sensibilisation et le rétablissement de l’accès à certains points chauds ont permis d’améliorer l’acceptation par les communautés des activités de riposte et des enquêtes sur les cas. Afin de garantir la sûreté et la sécurité du personnel, les mesures d’atténuation des risques pour la sécurité sont renforcées et des actions sont engagées face aux problèmes procéduraux, opérationnels et liés à la sécurité physique. La forte proportion de décès dans les communautés notifiés parmi les cas confirmés, la proportion relativement faible de nouveaux cas qui étaient des contacts connus sous surveillance, l’existence de chaînes de transmission liées aux infections nosocomiales, les retards persistants pris dans la détection et l’isolement dans les CTE, et les difficultés à notifier en temps utile les cas probables et à intervenir sans délai sont autant de facteurs qui augmentent la probabilité d’apparition de nouvelles chaînes de transmission dans les communautés touchées et le risque de propagation géographique en République démographique du Congo et dans les pays voisins. Les nombreux mouvements de population des zones touchées par la flambée vers d’autres zones de la République démocratique du Congo et, par-delà les frontières poreuses, vers les pays limitrophes pendant les périodes d’insécurité accrue, augmentent encore les risques. La longueur de la flambée actuelle, la fatigue du personnel chargé de la riposte et les ressources limitées représentent des risques supplémentaires. À l’inverse, la bonne préparation opérationnelle et les activités de préparation dans plusieurs pays limitrophes ont probablement renforcé la capacité à détecter rapidement les cas et atténué la propagation au niveau local. Ces activités doivent continuer d’être mises en œuvre à plus grande échelle.

Conseils de l’OMS

Sur la base des informations actuellement disponibles, l’OMS déconseille d’instaurer des restrictions aux voyages ou aux échanges commerciaux avec la République démocratique du Congo. Il n’existe actuellement aucun vaccin homologué pour protéger les populations contre le virus Ebola. Par conséquent, il n’est pas raisonnable d’exiger un certificat de vaccination anti-Ebola pour limiter la circulation transfrontalière ou la délivrance de visas aux passagers quittant la République démocratique du Congo. L’OMS continue de surveiller attentivement les mesures prises pour les voyages et le commerce en relation avec cet événement, effectuant les vérifications nécessaires le cas échéant. Pour le moment, aucun pays n’a pris de mesures entravant sensiblement les voyages internationaux à destination ou en provenance de la République démocratique du Congo. Les voyageurs doivent demander conseil à leur médecin avant de partir et respecter les règles d’hygiène.

Pour de plus amples informations, voir :

Uganda: Ebola : l’OMS ne juge pas nécessaire de déclarer une urgence de santé publique de portée internationale

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Source: UN News Service
Country: Democratic Republic of the Congo, Uganda

Le comité d’urgence de l’Organisation mondiale de la santé (OMS), réuni vendredi à Genève, n’a pas jugé nécessaire de déclarer que l’épidémie d’Ebola dans l’Est de la République démocratique du Congo (RDC) constitue « une urgence de santé publique de portée internationale » après la confirmation de quelques cas en Ouganda.

« Le comité a exprimé sa profonde préoccupation concernant l’épidémie actuelle », a dit l’OMS dans une déclaration à la presse publiée à l’issue de la réunion. Le comité d’urgence a noté que la riposte à l’épidémie était confrontée à des défis en matière de sécurité et de méfiance de la population.

« La riposte continue d’être entravée par le manque de financement adéquat et des ressources humaines limitées », a également noté l’agence onusienne.

Selon le comité d’urgence, les cas en Ouganda ne constituent pas une surprise et la réponse rapide et le confinement initial témoignent de l'importance de la préparation dans les pays voisins.

« En même temps, l'exportation de cas en Ouganda rappelle que, tant que cette épidémie se poursuit en RDC, il existe un risque de propagation vers les pays voisins, bien que le risque de propagation vers des pays extérieurs à la région reste faible », a souligné le comité.

Le comité est donc d’avis que l’épidémie constitue « une urgence sanitaire en RDC et dans la région », mais ne remplit pas les trois critères pour déclarer une urgence de portée internationale.

Dans ce contexte, le comité d’urgence appelle notamment les pays à risque à améliorer leur préparation à la détection et à la gestion des cas exportés, comme l'a fait l'Ouganda ; recommande de poursuivre et d’améliorer le filtrage transfrontalier en RDC ; et demande à l’OMS de suivre de près et de publier les progrès réalisés en matière de préparation dans les pays voisins.

Jeudi, l’OMS a indiqué qu’une deuxième personne était décédée du virus Ebola dans l’ouest de l’Ouganda. Il s’agit de la grand-mère d’un garçon de 5 ans qui est mort dans la nuit de mardi à mercredi du même virus.

Les deux victimes avaient assisté avec d’autres membres de leur famille aux obsèques en RDC d’une personne décédée d’Ebola. Toute la famille était rentrée en Ouganda, où le Ministère de la santé les avait placés en quarantaine après avoir diagnostiqué une contamination de deux enfants de 5 et 3 ans et de leur grand-mère de 50 ans.

Il s’agissait de la troisième réunion du comité d’urgence de l’OMS depuis le début de l’épidémie en août dernier.

Le chef de l'OMS en visite en RDC

Le Directeur général de l’OMS, Dr Tedros Adhanom Ghebreyesus, a pris note de la décision du comité d’urgence.

« Bien que l'épidémie ne pose pas actuellement de menace mondiale pour la santé, je tiens à souligner que pour les familles et les communautés touchées, cette épidémie est en réalité une urgence », a dit Dr Tedros dans un communiqué de presse.

Le chef de l’OMS se trouvait vendredi à Kinshasa, en RDC, pour discuter avec les autorités de la riposte à Ebola. Il doit se rendre samedi à Goma et à Butembo, dans l'Est du pays, sur le front de la lutte contre l’épidémie. Ensuite, il ira en Ouganda.

Uganda: Ebola: Even without WHO Declaration, Uganda Cases are “a Clear Warning that not Enough is Being Done to Curb the Virus”

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Source: Save the Children
Country: Democratic Republic of the Congo, Uganda

Media Contact: Claire Garmirian 203.209.8545 (M)

FAIRFIELD, Conn. (June 14, 2019)—Save the Children urges the international community to step up its fight against the Ebola virus, even though the World Health Organization (WHO) today decided not to declare the outbreak in the Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC) and Uganda a public health emergency of international concern.

“It was only a matter of time before this terrible disease surfaced in Uganda, and the fact that it has should be a clear warning that not enough is being done to curb the virus,” said Ian Vale, regional director for Save the Children in East and Southern Africa. “The death rate of this outbreak is around 67 percent, which is even higher than the 2014 outbreak in West Africa.

“Our teams in the field in the DRC see the devastating effect of the virus on children every day – they have died, have seen parents and family die in the most gruesome way, they live in fear, schools are closed.

“The international community must step up support and do all it can to stop the disease in its tracks in the DRC, and to prevent it from spreading any further in Uganda.”

The agency said international donors should prioritize supporting community awareness campaigns to ensure that people have accurate information about how to prevent the spread of the disease, recognize the symptoms, and know what to do in response. Misinformation and lack of community engagement have been a major barrier to tackling the outbreak in the region so far.

In recent days, a five-year-old boy and his grandmother died of Ebola in Uganda, and a three-year-old boy has been confirmed with the disease. There are four other suspected cases reported in the country. The virus has claimed the lives of more than 1,400 people in the DRC, including well over 350 children.*

This Ebola outbreak, the 10th in the DRC, was declared on August 1, 2018. Since then, Save the Children has reached around 1 million people in the country with information on how to recognize symptoms and how to keep the disease from spreading.

In Uganda, Save the Children has been working with local communities and district authorities to help mitigate the spread of the outbreak. More than 1,000 Ugandan health workers, volunteers, teachers, village health teams and laboratory staff have been trained so far to prevent and respond to cases. Save the Children has also distributed prevention information in health facilities and border crossings, and installed handwashing facilities to reduce the risk of contamination.

Save the Children believes every child deserves a future. Since our founding 100 years ago, we’ve changed the lives of more than 1 billion children. In the United States and around the world, we give children a healthy start in life, the opportunity to learn and protection from harm. We do whatever it takes for children – every day and in times of crisis – transforming their lives and the future we share. Follow us on Facebook, Instagram, Twitter and YouTube.

Uganda: Update On African Union Actions in Response to Recent Ebola Outbreaks

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Source: African Union
Country: Democratic Republic of the Congo, Uganda

Following the recent outbreak of Ebola cases reported in Uganda, The African Union (AU) is collaborating with the Ministry of Health of the Republic of Uganda to mobilise support to ensure adequate response and implementation of prevention and control measures, including deployment of senior experts from the AU’s Africa Centres for Disease Control and Prevention (Africa CDC).

Africa CDC teams are also currently deployed to the Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC) and have been involved in implementing key interventions in partnership with the Government and other partners.

SUMMARY OF AFRICA CDC ACTIVITIES IN THE DRC:

  1. Deployment of Public Health Experts.
  • Africa CDC deployed 41 experts both at national and regional level who have been involved in contact tracing, immunization, data management and training of local health workers and partner staff. The following experts were also involved in mass sensitisation, public education and coordination with partners:

o Epidemiologists 17

o Infection prevention and control specialists 8

o Laboratory scientists 4

o Anthropologist 1

o Communication experts 3

o Data manager 1

o Logistician 1

o Central Support team 4

o National coordination team 2

  1. Provision of Laboratory Services.
  • Africa CDC provided laboratory diagnosis services in 6 health zones.

  • 6 GeneXpert Machines with more than 3000 cartridges.

  • Laboratories in Goma and Butembo entirely equipped and run by Africa CDC.

  • Improved lab capacity and turn-around time of lab results in the field area.

  1. Contact tracing and surveillance.
  • Africa CDC is fully responsible for surveillance and alert investigation in Butembo and Tshomia Health zones.

  • 17 epidemiologists and 8 infection prevention experts were involved in active case and contact search and follow up in the villages.

  • Investigating alerts reports in the community and providing reports for follow up action • Close monitoring of field operations and support to field missions.

  1. Infection Prevention and Control.
  • Trained 469 health workers, traditional healers and teachers.

  • Provide personal protection equipment (PPEs) to 13 health centres and hospital.

  • Evaluated the state of hygiene in several health centres, training health workers, supporting schools and churches by providing facilities of washing hands.

  • A training video on how to correctly wash hands was produced by both the IPC and communication team and was broadcasted on the national television and others national private media institutions.

  1. Port of Entry Screening.
  • Africa CDC is supporting Port of entry screening training in collaboration with the Ministry of Health and to date a total of 350 people have been trained.

  • A cumulative total of 770 alerts were notified, of which 320 were validated, nine of which were confirmed to be EVD following laboratory testing.

  1. Vaccinations.
  • Africa CDC worked with the Ministry of Health DRC, the World Health Organisation (WHO), and other partners to vaccinate 104,342 people in the provinces of North Kivu and Ituri

Summary of Ebola Situation in Uganda

As of 13 June 2019, 3 confirmed cases including two deaths have been reported in Kasese district, Uganda since the declaration of the first case on 11 June 2019. The cases are 5-year old male (deceased), 50-year old grandmother (deceased), and 3-year old brother (alive). On 13 June 2019, DRC team repatriated five people; mother of the deceased 5-year old male, the 3-year old brother (confirmed), her 6-month old baby, the father of deceased index and maid.

Currently, there are 3 suspected cases not related to the index case have been isolated in Bwera ebola Treatment unit. Their blood samples were taken to Uganda Virus Research Institute (UVRI) for testing. Also 27 contacts of the deceased index case are under follow up.

Summary of Ebola Situation in DRC

As of 8 June 2019, a total of 2,056 EVD cases, including 1,962 confirmed and 94 probable cases have been reported. To date, confirmed cases have been reported from 22 health zones in North Kivu Province and Ituri Province. As of 8 June 2019, 11 health zones have reported at least one confirmed case in the last 21 days (19 May to 8 June 2019). A total of 1,384 deaths were recorded, including 1,290 among confirmed cases, resulting in a case fatality ratio among confirmed cases of 66% (1,290/1,962). A health worker was among the new confirmed cases reported on 8 June 2019, bringing the cumulative total number of affected health workers to 112 (5% of confirmed and probable cases). Mabalako, Butembo and Katwa remain the main areas of active transmission, reporting 27% (64/234), 22% (52/234) and 15% (35/234) of confirmed cases in the past 21 days respectively. Contact tracing is ongoing in 16 health zones. A total of 15,045 contacts were recorded as of 8 June 2019, of which 12,503 have been seen in the past 24 hours (83%; varies between 39-100% among reporting zones). Alerts in the two affected provinces continue to be raised and investigated. Of 1,159 alerts processed (of which 1 027 were new) in reporting health zones on 8 June 2019, 1 050 were investigated and 271 (26%) were validated as suspected cases.

For more information and inquiries contact:

1) Mrs. Wynne Musabayana| Head of Communication | Directorate of Information and Communication, African Union Commission I E-mail: MusabayanaW@africa-union.org

2) Mr. Gamal Ahmed A. Karrar| Communication Officer| Directorate of Information and Communication, African Union Commission | E-mail: GamalK@africa-union.org

3) Mr. James AYODELE | Senior Communications Officer | Africa Centres for Disease Control and Prevention, African Union Commission I E-mail | AyodeleJ@africa-union.org | Tel.: +251 953 912 454

Uganda: Uganda Food Security Outlook Update, June 2019 to January 2020

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Source: Famine Early Warning System Network
Country: Democratic Republic of the Congo, South Sudan, Uganda

Key Messages

Although average to above-average rainfall in May and June has improved crop growth conditions, the first season bimodal harvest and Karamoja harvest are still expected to be late and below average. In bimodal areas, crop production deficits are expected to be 30-50 percent below average due to early season losses, reduced area planted, and Fall Army Worm incidence. In Karamoja, ploughing and planting are still ongoing, but reduced area planted is expected to drive below-average production. Reduced food availability, rising staple food prices, and declining terms of trade continue to strain household food and income sources. Through September, Stressed (IPC Phase 2) outcomes are expected to persist in northeastern and and eastern bimodal areas of concern and Crisis (IPC Phase 3) is expected to persist in Karamoja.

In Karamoja, household food and income sources are expected to remain significantly below average through September. Current food consumption gaps and higher-than-normal acute malnutrition prevalence remain consistent with Crisis (IPC Phase 3) outcomes. In Kotido and Kaabong, it is likely that some individuals or households may be experiencing more severe outcomes. The below-average harvest is expected to improve food security outcomes to Stressed (IPC Phase 2), but most households will deplete their food stocks early and Crisis (ICP Phase 3) is anticipated to re-emerge by January.

In refugee settlements, humanitarian food assistance is planned, funded, and likely to guarantee a full ration through July. However, WFP faces a funding shortfall of US$49 million for food assistance that is planned through November. Planned rations and first season harvests are expected to maintain Stressed! (IPC Phase 2!) outcomes through September. Based on funding shortfalls, anticipated ration cuts would thereafter lead to a decline in food security, resulting in Crisis (IPC Phase 3) outcomes.

Uganda: How Africa’s porous borders make it difficult to contain Ebola

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Source: The Conversation
Country: Democratic Republic of the Congo, Uganda

The ConversationMosoka Fallah, Deputy Director General at National Public Health Institute of Liberia and Visiting Scientist, Harvard Medical School

More than 2000 cases of Ebola have been recorded in the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC) since last August. Now, despite authorities’ efforts – such as screening millions of travellers moving between the DRC and its neighbours – the disease has spread. The World Health Organisation announced on 12 June that a five-year-old boy had died in Uganda after testing positive for Ebola. A day later, his grandmother died. It’s believed he contracted Ebola when they attended the funeral of his grandfather (who died of Ebola) in the DRC. The Conversation Africa’s Natasha Joseph asked Professor Mosoka Fallah to explain the implications.

There have now been two Ebola deaths in Uganda. Do we know anything more about these cases?

We now know that a family of 14 travelled from the DRC to Uganda. Most of them crossed at the formal border, but five evaded the main port of entry. Instead they crossed over informally. Those five arrived with symptoms that included diarrhoea and bleeding. This implies a period of illness in the DRC and that they were most likely symptomatic while travelling.

It appears they knowingly evaded the official check point that would have monitored their temperature and physical signs to pick them up as possible Ebola cases.

In some ways this is a replica of the cross-border import and export of Ebola cases between Guinea, Liberia and Sierra Leone that were hit by the 2014 outbreak. Many borders between countries in the region are porous: people are in fact much more likely to cross into a neighbouring country without even going through a formal border crossing.

People cross for all sorts of reasons. One of them is funeral rites. The spread of the cases from Guinea to Liberia and eventually to Sierra Leone centred around funeral rites.

Authorities have worked hard to keep Ebola from spreading beyond the DRC. Does the spread mean they need to do more, or do things differently?

The response teams from both the DRC and Uganda must be commended for preventing the mass cross-border export of Ebola cases given the complex nature of the current outbreak.

There are a lot more informal crossings than the formal ones. The surveillance system for scanning people who are crossing into Uganda are at these formal crossings. This isn’t always foolproof. When I was working in Liberia during the West African epidemic between 2014 and 2016, we found that some people would take antipyretic medications to avoid being detected at the formal border crossings. These drugs bring fevers down so that scanners don’t detect a high temperature.

You may wonder why people would do this. The reality is that people across geographical boundaries don’t have any physical boundaries in their minds. When they are in the DRC and fall ill, they will do what anyone would: seek support from their relatives and friends, some of whom are in border towns.

All of this means that health authorities’ interventions must be strategic. They cannot physically monitor all of the informal porous borders between these countries.

What they need to do now is to mobilise all of the towns and villages that share border points with the regions of DRC that are at high risk for the export of Ebola. These villages and towns can physically monitor their individual crossing points. The local leaders and chiefs can keep a visitor log and identify a common building to keep new visitors from the DRC for observation. These logs should be reported to the regional response team daily.

The visitors can then be tracked back to their village of origin to investigate any linkage to a cluster of cases. Coordinating visitors’ movements across the multiple borders will be the greatest strategic intervention. If possible, mobile application can be deployed to local youths to enter these data for real time reporting and coordination.

This strategy was employed in Liberia during the latter part of the Ebola crisis in the region and was critical in preventing the cross-border import of cases. Even within Liberia some counties – sub-regional division – did this to prevent the import of cases from Monrovia or neighbouring counties. When Lofa county went to zero in November of 2014, it was able to maintain that status by using these methods.

What is being done now to try and ensure the cases in Uganda do not lead to more Ebola infections?

Health workers are tracking the cases, finding out who the five people came in contact with and then taking them to a treatment centre immediately. From the recent situation report from Uganda, they have tracked down 98 contacts which is very impressive. As the average number of contacts per case is 10-12. But they have gone beyond that average.

These are very critical response steps in any epidemic. The surveillance team has to enter the mind of a typical villager from the DRC who knows they’re infected and is trying to escape to relatives in Uganda. They will have to figure out whether the infected people visited traditional healers or local medicine stores. How long were they in Uganda before they were picked up? In this way they’ll be able to identify all the contacts and monitor them.

Ebola is a very difficult disease to contain because of human social and behavioural factors. But it can be easily contained if 100% of the infected people’s contacts are identified and monitored and if cases are quickly removed into treatment units. The sooner you are treated, the higher your chances of surviving Ebola. And the more survivors there are, the more the community will trust response workers.

https://theconversation.com/how-africas-porous-borders-make-it-difficult-to-contain-ebola-118719

World: Afrique : Des adolescentes enceintes et des jeunes mères privées d’éducation

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Source: Human Rights Watch
Country: Burkina Faso, Burundi, Central African Republic, Democratic Republic of the Congo, Equatorial Guinea, Mozambique, Nigeria, Sierra Leone, South Sudan, United Republic of Tanzania, World, Zimbabwe

Les projets éducatifs et humanitaires devraient intégrer les droits de toutes les élèves

(Nairobi, le 16 juin 2019) – Des dizaines de milliers de filles enceintes et de mères adolescentes se voient privées de leur droit à l’éducation en Afrique, malgré les progrès réalisés dans certains pays, a déclaré Human Rights Watch aujourd’hui, à l’occasion de la Journée de l’enfant africain organisée par l’Union africaine. Le thème de 2019 concerne les droits des enfants dans le cadre de l’action humanitaire en Afrique.

Le continent africain a le taux de grossesse des adolescentes le plus élevé au monde, d’après les Nations Unies. Même si de nombreuses grossesses ne sont pas planifiées, d’autres surviennent dans le cadre de mariages d’enfants, un problème galopant auquel beaucoup de gouvernements africains ne parviennent pas à s’attaquer efficacement. Parmi les autres causes figurent l’exploitation et les abus sexuels, le manque d’information sur la sexualité et la reproduction ainsi que l’accès limité aux services de planning familial et à la contraception moderne. Lors des crises humanitaires, notamment celles dues à la guerre ou aux catastrophes naturelles, les filles et jeunes femmes font face à un risque élevé de violence et d’exploitation sexuelle, aboutissant souvent à des grossesses non désirées.

« Un nombre choquant de filles en Afrique deviennent mères avant d’être elles-mêmes adultes, y compris dans des situation de crise humanitaire », a déclaré Elin Martínez, chercheuse auprès de la division Doits des enfants de Human Rights Watch. « Beaucoup de mères adolescentes ne retournent pas en classe parce que leurs écoles les excluent ou que leurs familles ne les laissent pas continuer leur scolarité. »

Dans toute l’Afrique, des élèves sont obligées de quitter l’école parce qu’elles sont tombées enceintes ou devenues mères. La Sierra Leone, la Tanzanie et la Guinée équatoriale interdisent même explicitement aux filles enceintes de suivre les cours. En novembre 2018, la Banque mondiale a suspendu un prêt de 300 millions USD en faveur de l’enseignement secondaire en Tanzanie, se disant préoccupée de cette exclusion scolaire des filles enceintes et des mères adolescentes. Suite aux discussions entre la Banque mondiale et le président John Magufuli, le gouvernement s’est engagé à trouver des solutions pour que ces adolescentes retournent en classe. Mais le gouvernement n’a pas honoré sa promesse, laissant des milliers de filles déscolarisées.

En juin, la Cour de justice de la Communauté économique des États de l’Afrique de l’Ouest (CEDEAO) jugera une affaire contre la Sierra Leone où les plaignants contestent l’exclusion discriminatoire que le pays pratique envers les élèves enceintes. Cette exclusion est en place depuis l’épidémie d’Ébola en 2015, au moment où les grossesses d’adolescentes avaient fortement augmenté suite à la vague de violences sexuelles subies par les filles, a rapporté Amnesty International.

Human Rights Watch a constaté que 27 pays africains disposent actuellement de lois ou de politiques protégeant la scolarisation des adolescentes en cas de grossesse ou de maternité. Parmi les principales mesures récentes destinées à protéger leur scolarité, en juillet 2018, le Burundi a annulé un décret ministériel adopté trop hâtivement et qui voulait exclure de l’enseignement les filles enceintes ainsi que les garçons responsables de ces grossesses. En décembre, le Mozambique a abrogé un décret discriminatoire de 2003 qui obligeait les filles enceintes à suivre les cours du soir. Enfin en février 2019, le Zimbabwe a introduit un amendement de la loi sur l’Éducation qui protège les filles enceintes de l’exclusion.

Toutes les mineures, y compris les filles enceintes et les jeunes mères, ont le droit de continuer ou de reprendre leur scolarité lors des crises humanitaires, ou de s’inscrire aux programmes de cours intensif si elles ont été déscolarisées trop longtemps.

Certains pays actuellement touchés par des crises humanitaires, comme la République démocratique du Congo, le Nigeria et le Soudan du Sud, ont adopté des lois qui protègent le droit des jeunes mères à retourner en classe, mais nécessitent des politiques éducatives pour veiller à ce que ces lois soient appliquées. Au Burkina Faso et en République centrafricaine, il manque une loi ou politique ciblant cette question.

En République démocratique du Congo, plus de 48 % des filles et femmes de 15 à 19 ans sont enceintes ou déjà mères. Un rapport de la Coalition mondiale pour la protection de l’éducation contre les attaques a constaté que les filles rencontraient de nombreuses difficultés à la fois en raison de leur stigmatisation en tant que survivantes du viol ou des violences sexuelles, et de la grossesse résultant de ces actes criminels. Certaines filles ont rapporté qu’elles ne pouvaient pas obtenir de services psychosociaux (psychiatriques) ni de soutien leur permettant de reprendre leur scolarité. Beaucoup font face au rejet de la famille et de la communauté, surtout celles qui ont été par le passé membres de groupes armés.

Dans ces pays touchés par les crises, ni les programmes d’éducation nationale ni ceux mis en place sous l’égide des Nations Unies ne prennent en compte les besoins éducatifs des filles qui sont enceintes ou qui ont des enfants, a déclaré Human Rights Watch. Autrement dit, les interventions visant à aider les enfants à continuer ou à reprendre leur scolarité lors des périodes de crise ne répondent pas aux besoins éducatifs des filles enceintes et des jeunes mères. En général, l’analyse des besoins humanitaires se concentre exclusivement sur les besoins médicaux et nutritionnels des mères et de leurs enfants.

« Je l’ai fait, je suis retournée en cours parce que je voulais poursuivre mes études, mais ce n’est vraiment pas facile », a témoigné Olivia B., une étudiante à l’université de 24 ans originaire de Kananga, dans la région congolaise du Kasaï, qui a été violée par un milicien alors qu’elle fuyait une attaque dirigée contre son établissement. « Les étudiants se moquent de moi. Je suis mal à l’aise à l’université... Ils me critiquent... J’ai peur et j’ai honte... Aucun enseignant, aucun professeur, personne n’est intervenu pour m’aider. Il n’y a aucun programme ni quoi que ce soit pour me soutenir. »

En l’absence de dispositif appuyant la scolarisation des filles enceintes et des mères adolescentes dans les situations de crise humanitaire, non seulement leur accès à l’éducation s’en trouve limité, mais ces enfants déjà vulnérables sont aussi exposées à davantage de violence, de difficultés et de pauvreté, a déclaré Human Rights Watch.

Les programmes éducatifs humanitaires devraient être inclusifs, veillant à ce que des environnements et infrastructures scolaires, temporaires ou permanents, puissent répondre aux besoins de scolarisation des filles. Les gouvernements africains devraient inscrire dans la loi des protections en faveur des filles enceintes et veiller à ce que leurs programmes d’éducation nationale, y compris les projets d’enseignement d’urgence ou d’intervention de crise, prévoient des mesures pour que les filles enceintes et les mères adolescentes puissent poursuivre leur scolarité.

Outre leur obligation fondamentale de garantir le droit à l’éducation sans discrimination, les gouvernements devraient adopter des mesures pour garantir que l’enseignement ne s’interrompe pas lors des crises humanitaires. En vertu de la Charte africaine des droits et du bien-être de l’enfant, les gouvernements africains ont l’obligation spécifique de faire tout leur possible pour protéger les enfants affectés par les conflits, en particulier pour atténuer les effets disproportionnés des conflits sur les filles, et de prendre des mesures pour que les filles ne soient pas exposées à la violence sexuelle ou forcées à se marier.

« L’éducation est vitale pour tous les enfants, surtout pour les filles dont l’enfance et la scolarité ont été interrompues par la grossesse », a conclu Elin Martínez. « Tous les gouvernements africains, organisations humanitaires et de développement et donateurs devraient faire en sorte que les filles enceintes et les mères adolescentes bénéficient de l’appui dont elles ont besoin pour rester scolarisées. »


Democratic Republic of the Congo: RD Congo - Ituri et Nord-Kivu : Suivi des activités des commission engagées dans la riposte contre la Maladie à Virus Ebola (Semaine 23 : du 03 au 09 juin 2019)

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Source: Government of the Democratic Republic of the Congo, World Health Organization, UN Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs
Country: Democratic Republic of the Congo

Democratic Republic of the Congo: RD Congo - Ituri et Nord-Kivu : Suivi des Indicateurs Clés de Performance de la riposte à la Maladie à Virus Ebola (Semaine 23 : du 03 au 09 juin 2019)

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Source: Government of the Democratic Republic of the Congo, World Health Organization, UN Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs
Country: Democratic Republic of the Congo

Democratic Republic of the Congo: RD Congo - Ituri et Nord-Kivu : Evolution spatiale et temporelle de la MVE (Semaine 23 : du 02 au 09 juin 2019)

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Source: Government of the Democratic Republic of the Congo, World Health Organization, UN Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs
Country: Democratic Republic of the Congo

Democratic Republic of the Congo: RD Congo - Ituri et Nord-Kivu : Tableau de bord de l’état de la riposte de la MVE (Semaine 23 : du 03 au 09 juin 2019)

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Source: Government of the Democratic Republic of the Congo, World Health Organization, UN Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs
Country: Democratic Republic of the Congo

Democratic Republic of the Congo: République démocratique du Congo - Note d’informations humanitaires pour la Province du Nord-Kivu : Rapport de situation, 15 juin 2019

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Source: UN Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs
Country: Democratic Republic of the Congo

FAITS SAILLANTS

  • Epidémie de rougeole: 1 168 cas enregistrés au Nord-Kivu depuis le début de 2019
  • Lancement d'un projet d'assistance multisectorielle pour près de 96 000 personnes déplacés à Nobili
  • Plus de 1 800 cas de choléra enregistrés au Nord Kivu depuis le début de l'année

CONTEXTE

Aperçu de la situation

Le 10 juin 2019, le Ministère de la santé a déclaré l’épidemie de Rougeole en République démocratique du Congo. Le Nord-Kivu est parmi les provinces affectées par cette épidémie avec 1 168 cas de Rougeole notifiés au 1e juin 2019 depuis le début de l’année. La Zone de santé de Kamango est la plus affectée dans la province, avec 23 cas. La maladie, qui affecte des personnes de tous âges, frappe particulièrement les plus petits ; 69% des cas sont âgés de 0 et 5 ans. La Rougeole est extrêmement dangereuse, car mortelle et sans traitement curatif. La seule manière d’endiguer la contagion reste la vaccination. Pour cette raison, le Bureau Central de Zone (BCZ) de Walikale et le Programme Elargi de Vaccination (PEV) de Goma, appuyés par les partenaires en santé, avait organisé une campagne de vaccination contre la rougeole en faveur d’environ 30 000 enfants de moins de 5 ans dans la Zone de Santé de Walikale au mois de février 2019.

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